full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Carl Schoonover: How to look inside the brain

Unscramble the Blue Letters

Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramon y Cajal, who's wildey considered the father of moredn neuroscience, applied this Golgi siatn, which yields data which looks like this, and really gave us the modern notion of the nerve cell, the neuron. And if you're thinking of the brain as a computer, this is the transistor. And very quickly Cajal realized that neurons don't operate alone, but rather make connections with others that form circuits just like in a computer. Today, a century later, when researchers want to vsiulazie nreunos, they light them up from the inside rather than darkening them. And there's several ways of doing this. But one of the most popular ones involves green fluorescent protein. Now green flrenecosut protein, which oddly enough comes from a bioluminescent jellyfish, is very useful. Because if you can get the gene for green fluorescent pireton and deliver it to a cell, that cell will glow green — or any of the many vrtniaas now of green fluorescent protein, you get a cell to glow many different colors.

Open Cloze

Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramon y Cajal, who's ______ considered the father of ______ neuroscience, applied this Golgi _____, which yields data which looks like this, and really gave us the modern notion of the nerve cell, the neuron. And if you're thinking of the brain as a computer, this is the transistor. And very quickly Cajal realized that neurons don't operate alone, but rather make connections with others that form circuits just like in a computer. Today, a century later, when researchers want to _________ _______, they light them up from the inside rather than darkening them. And there's several ways of doing this. But one of the most popular ones involves green fluorescent protein. Now green ___________ protein, which oddly enough comes from a bioluminescent jellyfish, is very useful. Because if you can get the gene for green fluorescent _______ and deliver it to a cell, that cell will glow green — or any of the many ________ now of green fluorescent protein, you get a cell to glow many different colors.

Solution

  1. fluorescent
  2. stain
  3. visualize
  4. protein
  5. modern
  6. variants
  7. widely
  8. neurons

Original Text

Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramon y Cajal, who's widely considered the father of modern neuroscience, applied this Golgi stain, which yields data which looks like this, and really gave us the modern notion of the nerve cell, the neuron. And if you're thinking of the brain as a computer, this is the transistor. And very quickly Cajal realized that neurons don't operate alone, but rather make connections with others that form circuits just like in a computer. Today, a century later, when researchers want to visualize neurons, they light them up from the inside rather than darkening them. And there's several ways of doing this. But one of the most popular ones involves green fluorescent protein. Now green fluorescent protein, which oddly enough comes from a bioluminescent jellyfish, is very useful. Because if you can get the gene for green fluorescent protein and deliver it to a cell, that cell will glow green — or any of the many variants now of green fluorescent protein, you get a cell to glow many different colors.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
green fluorescent 5
fluorescent protein 3
recognize specific 3
glow green 2
immune system 2
coat protein 2

ngrams of length 3

collocation frequency
green fluorescent protein 3

Important Words

  1. applied
  2. bioluminescent
  3. brain
  4. cajal
  5. cell
  6. century
  7. circuits
  8. colors
  9. computer
  10. connections
  11. considered
  12. darkening
  13. data
  14. deliver
  15. father
  16. fluorescent
  17. form
  18. gave
  19. gene
  20. glow
  21. golgi
  22. green
  23. involves
  24. jellyfish
  25. light
  26. modern
  27. nerve
  28. neuroanatomist
  29. neuron
  30. neurons
  31. neuroscience
  32. notion
  33. oddly
  34. operate
  35. popular
  36. protein
  37. quickly
  38. ramon
  39. realized
  40. researchers
  41. santiago
  42. spanish
  43. stain
  44. thinking
  45. today
  46. transistor
  47. variants
  48. visualize
  49. ways
  50. widely
  51. yields